Concrete is a homogenous, stone-like substance that is a mixture of limestone and other rocks. Because limestone is a sedimentary rock made of coral and shells, it has an appearance that resembles stone. Several concrete structures from the Roman era continue to exist, such as the Colosseum, which was finished in 80 AD. Even though the concrete present today is unlikely to last as long as this, it should last well for many decades if it is mixed with the right proportions. Also, recycling concrete is an innovative technique for maintaining it, but it will ultimately shorten its lifespan, which is why architects highly discourage it.
How Long Does Concrete Last?
Well-maintained concrete can last between 50 to 100 years on average. But, it is essential to keep in mind that this estimate can vary depending on numerous factors. For example, the degree of durability of various concrete mixes differs based on how they are exposed to harsh elements.
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6 Factors That Impact the Life of Concrete
1. Quality of Construction Material
All the ingredients in the concrete mixture, such as cement, aggregates, and water, must meet certain quality standards to determine:
- Optimal performance
- A prolonged lifespan
The cement must have the right fineness, chemical composition, and strength qualities. Remember, using low-quality or improperly proportioned cement can form a weaker concrete that is more prone to:
- Erosion
- Cracking
- Other types of deterioration
Furthermore, aggregates make up a significant portion of the concrete mixture and provide strength and stability. Therefore, using aggregates that are pure, free of contaminants, and the appropriate size is crucial.
Water must also fulfil specific quality requirements to be included in the concrete mixture. Clean, potable water should be used to determine the proper hydration of the cement and achieve the desired strength. Impure or contaminated water can have a detrimental effect on the chemical reactions that occur inside the concrete, reducing its durability and perhaps causing long-term harm.
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2. Construction Practices
Concrete’s overall performance can be significantly affected by how well it is mixed, poured, and cured. The mixing process must be thorough and uniform to protect the concrete’s structural integrity from defects or air pockets. To guarantee good bonding between the concrete and any reinforcing components, it must be correctly poured and compacted with the assistance of concrete pump hire services. Moreover, the use of appropriate forms and supports is also essential to prevent any deformation or settlement during the curing process.
For the concrete to strengthen and reach its maximum potential throughout the curing process, proper temperature management must be followed. Concrete that has not been properly cured may dry out too quickly, crack, and lose its resilience.
3. Environmental Factors
Given its widespread use in construction, concrete is vulnerable to several environmental conditions that may have both immediate and long-term effects. Well, temperature is one of the most paramount factors.
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3.1 Excessive temperatures:
They can lead to structural damage and fissures by causing:
- Expansion
- Contraction
Furthermore, water may freeze within the concrete due to freeze-thaw cycles, which are common in colder areas. This creates internal pressure and eventually cracks the concrete.
3.2 Moisture:
Another important element that might affect the integrity of concrete is moisture. It can seep into the concrete, causing the steel reinforcement to corrode and eventually undermine the building’s foundation. Conversely, extended dryness can also lead to shrinking, which weakens the material and culminates in fissures.
3.3 Other Pollutants:
Concrete may also suffer from exposure to:
- saltwater
- Industrial emissions
- Acid rain
- Other environmental pollutants
Chemical degradation and erosion can result from these compounds reacting with the constituents of concrete. In addition, environmental elements such as strong winds and seismic activity can subject ready mix concrete structures to dynamic stresses, which may result in structural failure.
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4. Maintenance and Repair
Concrete longevity can be ensured by performing routine maintenance, which can assist in identifying and addressing potential flaws before they worsen.
4.1 Sealing of Concrete:
Sealing the concrete and protecting it from external influences like moisture, chemicals, and harsh weather is a vital aspect. Applying the proper sealants or coatings to the concrete surface helps stop water penetration, which can cause corrosion and freeze-thaw damage to the steel reinforcing.
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4.2 Regular Inspections:
Furthermore, regular inspections can assist in spotting any degradation indicators like cracks, spalling, or surface flaws. These problems must be promptly fixed:
- Avoid additional damage
- Maximise the concrete’s lifespan
Plus, repair techniques, such as crack filling, patching, or structural strengthening, should be carried out using:
- Excellent materials
- Proper methods
4.3 Cleaning:
It is essential to clean ready mix concrete surfaces regularly to get rid of:
- Pollutants
- Grime
- Other contaminants that can cause the concrete to deteriorate
They may become discoloured, stained, or degraded as a result of the accumulation of pollutants or organic waste. By executing optimum cleaning methods, such as pressure washing or chemical treatments, you can elevate their aesthetic appeal.
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4.4 Identification of Underlying Issues:
Taking care of any underlying problems that can impair the performance of the concrete is also necessary. This includes paying attention to problems related to drainage, mitigating environmental factors that may impact the concrete’s integrity, etc.
5. Design and Structural Considerations
The longevity of concrete structures is directly impacted by the design, which includes the selection of:
- Reinforcement
- Load-bearing capability
- Structural detailing
When predicted loads, seismic activity, and long-term durability needs are taken into account during the design process, the concrete structure can sustain its intended service life without experiencing premature failure.
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6. Usage and Traffic
Although concrete is a long-lasting material, regular intensive use and traffic can progressively diminish its quality. Heavy loads, such as those from cars or large machines, put stress and pressure, which can cause:
- Splits
- Fractures
These gaps have the potential to get wider with time, which would allow water and other corrosive materials to seep into the concrete and cause extra damage. Furthermore, vibrations from cars in motion can erode the structural integrity of concrete. This can result in the development of potholes, uneven surfaces, and even complete failure of the concrete structure.
Traffic can also affect the life of concrete through the generation of heat. The friction produced by moving vehicles can cause the concrete to heat up. Due to thermal expansion brought on by this temperature rise, IT may repeatedly expand and contract. Hence, it may become weaker as a result of this heat cycling, making it more prone to damage. In addition, the buildup of pollutants on the concrete surface, such as chemicals and oil, can also be caused by excessive traffic.
Read more: How To Clean Concrete?
Final Note
Concrete is a durable material that can withstand the test of time if builders and architects carefully examine the factors associated with its lifespan and implement strategies to enhance its performance and extend its life.
If you’re looking for a reliable concrete pump hire service provider, you may get in touch with our representatives at Pro-Mix Concrete. Plus, we also offer the highest-quality ready mix concrete mixed by our team of experts according to your specific construction requirements.
